Anarchism and Punk

Historical Punk

That is the philosophy of punk was a generation born to grow and develop bergeliat never was late in a discussion and analysis of its culture. from the side of history. PUNK scientifically that never clear when writing emerged and who pioneer the beginning, will never see the end of the story and it is very difficult to formulate the existence of Punk. Even the cultural origins of American punk who wrote in a famous publication Maximum Rock'N Roll was never able to formulate when punk itself was formed. Not terpungkiri bawasanya beginnings of a way of life growing up punk that grow along the growth idialisme social and political climate and culture originated from a musical. But before that in the era of 60's many turbulent youth movement wore more attributes Rock Rock I call out law (Rock resistance) is similar to the style and lifestyle of the punk era now, and the era they were trying to give the impression and sense of community was formed. Or better ngomongnya which they form communities of resistance in the era it means a lot. And these movements (opposition) continue to evolve and take it by the community of punk to 90s era, even up to now but always experiencing growth. we can see from what they bring and they convey through their songs there is an impression and message, always carry a dieranya problems. Probably will continue that way.

We refer again to the style and the styles of the punk basically did not experience many changes that are so significant (striking) such as Mohawk and spikes may be a little jacket plus boots or emblem. Filosaofinya why should Mohawk, ..? we take from history is the notion that the Mohawk tribe of the oldest in the Americas are in the kill by expansion of immigrant Collombus post. Punk conclusion adopted this hair style as a form of genuine concern for the tribe as the sole heir of the Americas (which has now started to run out). Spike jacket, boots, emblems I would interpret it extreme or radical. Although this is never no formula or necessity that had to Mohawk Punk, Punk should be this and that must be it. But what is clear from the appearance of Punk wear what feels and understands what needs to wear (wear). Punk was a cultural dynamic in terms of life style, concerned.


Definition of Punk

As soon as the banya the assumption that there is a personal reason and understanding about devinisi a punk, a punk must have varied according to the assumption that background they get a good understanding of the inputs from the visual perspective and reality, the historical and concepts - basic kadasar be underlined bawasanya punk is a way of life (or life style). with anti-establishment punk movement which is actually a movement of revolutionary anti-oppression and a libertarian movement of groups of people who are not satisfied with the condition of social order, political as well as the hypocrisy and so on. And punk into a counter-culture and as a counterweight to the movement - pergerakanya, in context, punk is a movement of resistance to rot decay system. We all can learn about about the history of the emergence of punk culture, to the development or variety of movement within the scope of the socio-political
Anarchism An Alternative To The Punk

What is the relationship with Punk Anarchy all over the world. When must choose between political ideology: Anarchist Punk inclined. Their disagreement with a hierarchical system of government or regulatory official as well as respect for freedom and individual responsibility is what makes sesamaan prespektive a punk with the concept of anarchy
And certainly not a violent anarchy or chaos clear. Even if activities in the name of anarchic chaos that we see must be in perspective with a clear articulation and meaning, essentially adopted the Indonesian punk anarchism is adapted to the existing culture in this country, anarchism, which was adopted from a concept of thinking and many variants varianya anarchy we yan discussed earlier, when we look at the basic concepts without a clear government tends otopis (utopian / not possible) but anarchism can grow and adapt to the real conditions in a culture, without changing the basic concept of anarchy itself based on the different socio-political culture of the country of origin , punk hatred against the government is a moral determination to the government itself as a mirror refleksidiri bobroknya ruler over a system, the government saai this is like a company that is regulated danstaf director - his staff to conduct the project - large projects tend prosperity and welfare of the people and all policies rules of statutory law and in the end always benefit the directors and staff of its staff and investors. it also pioneered by anarchist thinkers such as Tolstoy, Murray bockhin, Erico Malatesta, H Misbach, Malcolm, even Samin Suro Blora Sentiko people of Indonesia. Of them agreed to reject the form of government that gave birth to falsehood and oppression through the system are structurally and culturally.

Take the example of the education system that has been there. Education is not a mirror pencerdasan children of the nation, will standardize the application of the concept without melihan background conditions of each region at all apprehensive, but the government only applies the concept of disadvantage, with the application of the concept that they systematis education is also often used as a commodity business and where education is only used as a means of fundraising profuse with mengenyampikan moral education, ethics, manners and the concept of equality that promotes togetherness and tepo seliro (Javanese term) which so far has disappeared, even in the old order of education is often used as government propaganda media, and as a tool oeh brain washing them.

Then what is his relationship with punk, a punk ethic, or better known independent DIY (doit your self) which means self-reliance or more details do not depend on the ruling class or the existing system. from the standpoint of music, history, and style (appearance) punk written above it is clear that whatever the wear punk, live punk and punk history has a value of resistance against the oppressors (the ruler).
This also explains why the punk became a symbol of resistance to cultural levels.
so punk it wrong to grow and develop today or is more worthy than those who malasdan always whining .. or also a loser with clothes neat when they are a corrupt person?
Can be concluded that punk is a manifestation of the concept of anarchy. A punk musician who was not a sloppy with drinks and live with all the freedom, but being a punk is a great responsibility when we choose a life with resistance, punk is not a trend, not a punk musician, punk was not a criminal, but recognize
Bawasanya punk is a grassroots culture of resistance.

Linkage Between the DIY with Hardcorepunk

Independence is one of the pillars which can not be separated from hardcorepunk with their activities as a counter-culture to popular culture that dominates, which was aware of individual needs and are increasingly eager to dominate the life of each individual. Internationally, the term self-sufficiency is better known as DIY (do-it-yourself). DIY is essentially a concept that is intended to eliminate the dependency and then dig deeper and maximize the abilities and talents that exist in each individual to be processed together. DIY then evolved to the issue of transparency (clarity or openness), that the individuals involved are entitled to know where and how the distribution of time, energy, thoughts, skills, information, desire, passion, instincts, dreams and production tools that are processed simultaneously together without the pressure and manipulation of the individual or others. Substance (separation) of the DIY philosophy is to decide the attitude of dependence and cut off (once again the nature dominate and monopolize) conducted by the parties with the interests of profit only.

DIY concept will not work optimally without the participation of (support) is active, initiative (desire) and the role of each individual involved. DIY itself understood as the concept of flexible (soft or easy), liberating and not closed to criticism and renewal, rather than absolute terms (absolute) which requires adherence levels (tiers) acute, nor something that is dogmatic given the accelerating changes in the existing conditions often happen unexpectedly but also that each region and each community has the phenomenon (incidence rate) and the levels of different problems. Every individual, every community, every region has the right to do improvisation (development) in the face of the existing problems in correlation with the concept of DIY because it was not something sacred, nor something that can not be contested.

In development at the community hardcorepunk, DIY activities conducted in each community development such hardcorepunk economic base, making the media (zines, records, band, documentation, virtual world sites, mailing lists), design, discussion, manage the distribution for all things produced independent, campaigning for a boycott, organizing the gig / show, food not bombs, workshop or the construction of crisis centers and others. Gaiety and joy of activism that are informative and educative be more pronounced if it is done in the corridors of the warm spirit of DIY. The point is that we who make, we are controlling its distribution, we can estimate the achievement of results and we also arrange everything without having to depend on and wait for others to realize. A time where every individual is engaged automatically receive the demand to not be passive but be active, be a subject rather than object.
But as Wiji never said in his poem '... that the world will not move just to talk ....',
DIY only means of conception will be nonsense if only to end up in endless discussions sophist, if only written in zines, if only to settle in a world of ideas, if only dicetakkan in shirts with no concrete in the daily praxis of each individual to talk about it. So this conception do need a balance between theory and praxis in the real world so as not limping. There should also be understood that DIY would be a very exclusive and elitist, if only considered as belonging to hardcorepunk, DIY is owned by all the people who believe that the concept of independence is the best way to fight the current modernization without filtration and minimize the consumptive nature.

puisi ku

KEMANA..?

Negara ku yang kaya raya

Hijau makmur dan subur

Lautan yang terbentang luas tak terbatas

Seakan ta’kan habis untuk seluruh umat

Burung –burung pun terbang menghiasi angkasa

Tapi… mengapa sekarang tak ada lagi

Kicau burung penghias langit

Tanah hijau pun berubah menjadi gersang, kering dan tandus.

Lautan yang luas tak terbatas, kini terhimpit oleh gedung – gedung pencakar langit.

Kemanakah kekayaan negara ku

Dimanakah hijau dan birunya lautan yang dulu

Yang dapat menghibur ku kala lara, kemanakah senyum – senyum

Orang – orang yang ku kenal di sekelilingku…

Apakah harta dan duniawi telah membeli senyum dan kehidupan

Apakah uang telah merubah mawar menjadi kaktus beracun, sedangkan orang – orang yang tak berdaya masih bergeletakkan

Aku melihat rakyat indonesia bagai sekimpulan ayam yang mati

di tengah lumbung padi.

Apa Itu KOLEKTIF...???

Sebuah kolektif merupakan pengelompokkan
organisasional yang permanen. Ia hadir un-
tuk menyelesaikan berbagai tugas, mencapai
sebuah tujuan, atau memelihara sebuah proyek
permanen. Anggota kolektif biasanya berbagi
pandangan politik yang sama. Bahkan, mereka
seringkali tergabung dalam sebuah kolektif kar-
ena kesamaan pandangan politik. Kebanyakan
kolektif memiliki fokus lokal, karena kebanya-
kan proyek kolektif berbasis komunitas lokal,
memiliki cakupan lokal, dan terbentuk dari
orang-orang yang hidup relatif berdekatan.
Kolektif, dalam skala kecil seringkali tidak ter-
lalu berbeda dari kelompok afi nitas. Meski de-
mikian, kolektif biasanya bekerja dalam proyek
jangka panjang seperti menerbitkan sebuah ma-
jalah, menjalankan infoshop, atau mengoperasi-
kan sebuah bisnis. Kelompok afi nitas secara
teoritis dapat melakukan semua hal, namun se-
cara khusus kelompok afi nitas sering memusat-
kan diri pada beragam tujuan dan tugas jangka
pendek. Di sisi lain, sebuah kolektif memusat-
kan diri pada tujuan jangka panjang dan proyek
permanen.
Sebagai contoh, sebuah kelompok afi nitas
mungkin memutuskan untuk menyebarkan
selebaran ke seluruh penjuru kota sebagai
bagian aksi yang lebih besar atau aksi individual
yang dilaksanakan kelompok afi nitas itu send-
iri. Berbeda dengan kelompok afi nitas, sebuah
kolektif yang menjalankan infoshop akan me-
nyebarkan selebaran ke seluruh kota mengenai
sebuah acara yang akan berlangsung di infos-
hop. Aksi diselenggarakan kelompok afi nitas
akan menjadi tujuan akhirnya, namun tindakan
kolektif infoshop hanya salah satu dari berbagai
tugas yang dibutuhkan untuk mempertahankan
proyek permanen, dalam hal ini sebuah info-
shop.
Demikian pula, tidak seperti kelompok afi nitas,
sebuah kolektif tak memiliki batasan jumlah.
Sebuah kolektif dapat berjumlah mulai dari 3
hingga 200 orang. Bagaimanapun, ketika sebuah
kolektif telah mencapai jumlah tertentu, adalah
bijak untuk memecah kolektif ke dalam satu
atau lebih kolektif kecil atau membagi kolek-
tif tersebut secara internal ke dalam kelompok
afi nitas permanen. Pengambilan keputusan da-
pat tersusun dari demokrasi langsung, konsen-
sus sampai kombinasi dari keduanya.
Tips membentuk dan memelihara
sebuah kolektif:
Cobalah mengorganisir kolektifmu dengan
menggabungkan sebanyak mungkin keterampi-
lan yang relevan untuk menyelesaikan tujuan
anda. Beraksilah dengan fokus, dalam konteks
kepedulian yang lebih luas. Pendekatan “main
tembak secara ngawur” dalam aktivitas kolek-
tifmu akan berakhir dengan frustrasi.
Kenali dan dekati semua sekutu yang mungkin
bagi kolektif dan cita-citamu. Beri keseriusan
kepada dirimu, kolektifmu, dan isu yang kalian
sampaikan. Jika kamu sendiri tak percaya diri.

CONSCIENCE

At night time in between black and white
Cornered me in the choice of the stifling life
increasingly heard cries and screams where - where,
babies - babies were innocent victims of greed have contributed to the human passions,
are now increasingly smoke billowing in the crowded city ..
seemed to come brighten up the destruction of liberty
Growing old but beloved country would surely be destroyed
in the hands of the shredder mengatas State's name as a weapon
Dissatisfaction and greed will continue to permeate your ..
I just wanted to ask you is there has a conscience ... ..
Is this what you want ... not whether you have a childhood ....
That makes you yearn for the return .... There ....

by :cimot13

Efek Umpan Balik

Anasir penyebab pemanasan global juga dipengaruhi oleh berbagai proses umpan balik yang dihasilkannya. Sebagai contoh adalah pada penguapan air. Pada kasus pemanasan akibat bertambahnya gas-gas rumah kaca seperti CO₂, pemanasan pada awalnya akan menyebabkan lebih banyaknya air yang menguap ke atmosfer. Karena uap air sendiri merupakan gas rumah kaca, pemanasan akan terus berlanjut dan menambah jumlah uap air di udara sampai tercapainya suatu kesetimbangan konsentrasi uap air. Efek rumah kaca yang dihasilkannya lebih besar bila dibandingkan oleh akibat gas CO₂ sendiri. (Walaupun umpan balik ini meningkatkan kandungan air absolut di udara, kelembaban relatif udara hampir konstan atau bahkan agak menurun karena udara menjadi menghangat). Umpan balik ini hanya berdampak secara perlahan-lahan karena CO₂ memiliki usia yang panjang di atmosfer.

Efek umpan balik karena pengaruh awan sedang menjadi objek penelitian saat ini. Bila dilihat dari bawah, awan akan memantulkan kembali radiasi infra merah ke permukaan, sehingga akan meningkatkan efek pemanasan. Sebaliknya bila dilihat dari atas, awan tersebut akan memantulkan sinar Matahari dan radiasi infra merah ke angkasa, sehingga meningkatkan efek pendinginan. Apakah efek netto-nya menghasilkan pemanasan atau pendinginan tergantung pada beberapa detail-detail tertentu seperti tipe dan ketinggian awan tersebut. Detail-detail ini sulit direpresentasikan dalam model iklim, antara lain karena awan sangat kecil bila dibandingkan dengan jarak antara batas-batas komputasional dalam model iklim (sekitar 125 hingga 500 km untuk model yang digunakan dalam Laporan Pandangan IPCC ke Empat). Walaupun demikian, umpan balik awan berada pada peringkat dua bila dibandingkan dengan umpan balik uap air dan dianggap positif (menambah pemanasan) dalam semua model yang digunakan dalam Laporan Pandangan IPCC ke Empat.

Umpan balik penting lainnya adalah hilangnya kemampuan memantulkan cahaya (albedo) oleh es. Ketika temperatur global meningkat, es yang berada di dekat kutub mencair dengan kecepatan yang terus meningkat. Bersamaan dengan melelehnya es tersebut, daratan atau air dibawahnya akan terbuka. Baik daratan maupun air memiliki kemampuan memantulkan cahaya lebih sedikit bila dibandingkan dengan es, dan akibatnya akan menyerap lebih banyak radiasi Matahari. Hal ini akan menambah pemanasan dan menimbulkan lebih banyak lagi es yang mencair, menjadi suatu siklus yang berkelanjutan.

Umpan balik positif akibat terlepasnya CO₂ dan CH₄ dari melunaknya tanah beku (permafrost) adalah mekanisme lainnya yang berkontribusi terhadap pemanasan. Selain itu, es yang meleleh juga akan melepas CH₄ yang juga menimbulkan umpan balik positif.

Kemampuan lautan untuk menyerap karbon juga akan berkurang bila ia menghangat, hal ini diakibatkan oleh menurunya tingkat nutrien pada zona mesopelagic sehingga membatasi pertumbuhan diatom daripada fitoplankton yang merupakan penyerap karbon yang rendah

Efek Rumah Kaca

Efek rumah kaca, yang pertama kali diusulkan oleh Joseph Fourier pada 1824, merupakan proses pemanasan permukaan suatu benda langit (terutama planet atau satelit) yang disebabkan oleh komposisi dan keadaan atmosfernya.

Mars, Venus, dan benda langit beratmosfer lainnya (seperti satelit alami Saturnus, Titan) memiliki efek rumah kaca, tapi artikel ini hanya membahas pengaruh di Bumi. Efek rumah kaca untuk masing-masing benda langit tadi akan dibahas di masing-masing artikel.

Efek rumah kaca dapat digunakan untuk menunjuk dua hal berbeda: efek rumah kaca alami yang terjadi secara alami di bumi, dan efek rumah kaca ditingkatkan yang terjadi akibat aktivitas manusia (lihat juga pemanasan global). Yang belakang diterima oleh semua; yang pertama diterima kebanyakan oleh ilmuwan, meskipun ada beberapa perbedaan pendapat.

Penyebab

Efek rumah kaca disebabkan karena naiknya konsentrasi gas karbondioksida (CO₂) dan gas-gas lainnya di atmosfer. Kenaikan konsentrasi gas CO₂ ini disebabkan oleh kenaikan pembakaran bahan bakar minyak (BBM), batu bara dan bahan bakar organik lainnya yang melampaui kemampuan tumbuhan-tumbuhan dan laut untuk mengabsorbsinya.

Energi yang masuk ke bumi mengalami : 25% dipantulkan oleh awan atau partikel lain di atmosfer 25% diserap awan 45% diadsorpsi permukaan bumi 5% dipantulkan kembali oleh permukaan bumi

Energi yang diadsoprsi dipantulkan kembali dalam bentuk radiasi infra merah oleh awan dan permukaan bumi. Namun sebagian besar infra merah yang dipancarkan bumi tertahan oleh awan dan gas CO₂ dan gas lainnya, untuk dikembalikan ke permukaan bumi. Dalam keadaan normal, efek rumah kaca diperlukan, dengan adanya efek rumah kaca perbedaan suhu antara siang dan malam di bumi tidak terlalu jauh berbeda.

Selain gas CO₂, yang dapat menimbulkan efek rumah kaca adalah sulfur dioksida (SO₂), nitrogen monoksida (NO) dan nitrogen dioksida (NO₂) serta beberapa senyawa organik seperti gas metana (CH₄) dan khloro fluoro karbon (CFC). Gas-gas tersebut memegang peranan penting dalam meningkatkan efek rumah kaca.


Akibat

Meningkatnya suhu permukaan bumi akan mengakibatkan adanya perubahan iklim yang sangat ekstrim di bumi. Hal ini dapat mengakibatkan terganggunya hutan dan ekosistem lainnya, sehingga mengurangi kemampuannya untuk menyerap karbon dioksida di atmosfer. Pemanasan global mengakibatkan mencairnya gunung-gunung es di daerah kutub yang dapat menimbulkan naiknya permukaan air laut. Efek rumah kaca juga akan mengakibatkan meningkatnya suhu air laut sehingga air laut mengembang dan terjadi kenaikan permukaan laut yang mengakibatkan negara kepulauan akan mendapatkan pengaruh yang sangat besar.

Menurut perhitungan simulasi, efek rumah kaca telah meningkatkan suhu rata-rata bumi 1-5°C. Bila kecenderungan peningkatan gas rumah kaca tetap seperti sekarang akan menyebabkan peningkatan pemanasan global antara 1,5-4,5°C sekitar tahun 2030. Dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi gas CO₂ di atmosfer, maka akan semakin banyak gelombang panas yang dipantulkan dari permukaan bumi diserap atmosfer. Hal ini akan mengakibatkan suhu permukaan bumi menjadi meningkat.

Global Warming

Global warming is the process of increasing the average temperature of the atmosphere, ocean, and Earth's land.

Global average temperature at Earth's surface has risen 0.74 ° C ± 0:18 (1:33 ± 0:32 ° F) during the last hundred years. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concluded that "most of the increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century most likely caused by increased concentrations of greenhouse gases due to human activities" [1] via the greenhouse effect. These basic conclusions have been raised by at least 30 scientific and academic bodies, including all the national science academies of the G8 countries. However, there are still some scientists who disagree with some of the conclusions of the IPCC noted.

Climate models referenced by the IPCC project suggests global surface temperatures will rise 1.1 to 6.4 ° C (2.0 to 11.5 ° F) between 1990 and 2100. [A] difference in estimates was caused by the use of different scenarios of greenhouse gas emissions greenhouse gases in the future, as well as models of different climate sensitivities. While most research focuses on the period up to 2100, warming and sea level rise is expected to continue for more than a thousand years even if greenhouse gas emission levels have been stable. [1] This reflects the large heat capacity of the oceans.

Rising global temperatures are expected to lead to other changes such as rising sea levels, increased intensity of extreme weather phenomena, [2] as well as changes in the number and pattern of precipitation. Consequences of global warming is another terpengaruhnya agricultural output, loss of glaciers, and the extinction of various animal species.

Some of the things that scientists are still doubtful about the amount of warming predicted to occur in the future, and how warming and changes that occur will vary from one region to another. Until now still going political and public debate in the world about what, if any, action should be taken to reduce or reverse further warming or to adapt to the consequences that exist. Most governments in the world have signed and ratified the Kyoto Protocol, which leads to the reduction of emissions of greenhouse gases.